trial

Từ điển Việt Anh Việt 4in1 - English Vietnamese 4 in 1 Dictionary

I.tri‧al¹ S3 W2 /ˈtraɪəl/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Anglo-French; Origin: trier; ⇨ ↑try¹]
1. COURT [uncountable and countable] a legal process in which a judge and often a ↑jury in a court of law examine information to decide whether someone is guilty of a crime ⇨ try:
The trial is due to start next week.
on trial (for something)
Brady was on trial for assault. ⇨ ↑show trial
2. TEST [uncountable and countable] a process of testing to find out whether something works effectively and is safe:
a new drug that is undergoing clinical trials
3. TRY SOMEBODY/SOMETHING [uncountable and countable] a short period during which you use or do something or employ someone to find out whether they are satisfactory for a particular purpose or job ⇨ try
on trial
They let me have the computer on trial for thirty days.
The security system will be reviewed after a three-month trial period.
Smith was hired on a six-month trial basis.
trial separation (=a period of time in which a husband and wife do not live together, to find out whether they want to stay married)
4. by/through trial and error if you do something by trial and error, you test many different methods of doing something in order to find the best:
I learned most of what I know about gardening through trial and error.
5. DIFFICULTY [countable usually plural] something that is difficult to deal with, and that is worrying or annoying ⇨ trying:
the daily trials of living in a poor country
be a trial (to/for somebody)
My brothers and I were always a real trial to my parents.
the trials and tribulations of running a business
6. SPORTS trials [plural] British English a special sports competition in which people who want to be on a team are tested, so that the best can be chosen SYN tryout American English
horse/sheepdog trials (=a sporting competition in which horses or dogs compete)
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
verbs
▪ be on trial (=be being judged in a court of law) Her son is on trial charged with murder.
▪ stand/face trial (=be judged in a court of law) Doctors said he was unfit to stand trial.
▪ go on trial Taylor went on trial accused of fraud.
▪ be awaiting/facing trial Its managing director is awaiting trial on corruption charges.
▪ put somebody on trial They should never have been put on trial, let alone convicted.
▪ bring somebody to trial The people who were responsible for this crime must be brought to trial.
▪ be sent for trial (also be committed for trial British English) Smith's lawyer battled to stop him being sent for trial in Britain.
▪ a trial is held We believe the trial will be held sometime next month.
▪ a trial opens (=officially begins) The trial opened 5 weeks ago.
▪ a trial is adjourned (=it is officially stopped for several days, weeks, or months) The trial was adjourned until November.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + trial
▪ a murder/fraud etc trial She was a witness in a murder trial.
▪ a fair trial He is entitled to a fair trial.
▪ a criminal trial (=for cases involving a crime ) In a criminal trial, guilt has to be proven beyond reasonable doubt.
▪ a civil trial (=for cases dealing with the private affairs of citizens, rather than cases involving a crime) In civil trials, the jury's decision need not be unanimous.
phrases
▪ a case goes/comes to trial If the case ever went to trial, he would probably lose.
nouns
▪ the trial judge The trial judge acquitted the accused on the charge of assault.
▪ the trial lawyer He is regarded as one of the finest trial lawyers in the state.
▪ the trial court The evidence will be fully tested in the trial court.
▪ a trial date No trial date has been set because of procedural delays.
▪ the trial verdict His lawyers have said they will appeal the civil trial verdict.
II.trial² BrE AmE verb (past tense and past participle trialled, present participle trialling) [transitive] British English
to thoroughly test something to see if it works correctly or is effective SYN try out:
These techniques were trialled by teachers in 300 schools.

trialhu

◎	['traiəl]
※	danh từ
	■	sự thử thách; sự thử nghiệm
		☆	to give job applicants a trial
			thử thách những người xin việc
		☆	to put the car through safety trials
			đưa xe hơi đi trắc nghiệm an toàn
		☆	to proceed by trial and error
			tiến hành bằng cách mò mẫm
		☆	trial of strength
			một cuộc thử sức (để biết ai khoẻ hơn ai)
		☆	to employ somebody for a trial period
			thuê ai làm việc thử trong một thời gian
		☆	for trial purposes
			nhằm mục đích thử nghiệm
		☆	trial flight
			cuộc bay thử
		☆	a trial separation
			một cuộc ly thân thử (đối với một cặp vợ chồng gặp khó khăn trong cuộc sống chung)
		☆	trial trip
			cuộc chạy thử (của chiếc tàu mới)
		☆	the new drug has undergone extensive medical trials
			dược phẩm mới đã trải qua những cuộc thể nghiệm y học rộng rãi
	■	(pháp lý) việc xét xử, sự xử án; phiên toà xử
		☆	the trial lasted a week
			phiên toà kéo dài một tuần lễ
		☆	to commit somebody for trial
			tạm giam ai
		☆	to bring to trial
			đưa ra toà, đưa ra xử
		☆	the defendant claimed that he had not had a fair trial
			bị cáo khiếu nại rằng ông ta đã không được xét xử công minh
		☆	the case comes to trial/comes up for trial next month
			vụ án sẽ được đưa ra xử vào tháng sau
	■	sự thử thách; điều thử thách; nỗi gian nan
		☆	a life full of trials
			một cuộc đời lắm nỗi gian nan
		☆	the radio next door is a real trial
			cái đài bên cạnh thật là một tai hoạ
		☆	trials of love
			những thử thách của tình yêu
	■	(trial to somebody) của nợ; chuyện nặng nợ (người, vật hay quấy rầy, gây bực tức..)
		☆	her child is a trial to his teachers
			đứa con của bà ta là một của nợ đối với các thầy cô giáo của nó
		☆	life's trials
			những nợ đời
	■	(tài chính) sự kiểm tra
		☆	trial balance
			kết toán kiểm tra
	■	(hàng không) sự thăm dò
		☆	trial balloon
			bóng thăm dò
	■	trận đấu thể thao để trắc nghiệm khả năng những đấu thủ có thể được tuyển vào một đội quan trọng
	〆	to go/be on trial (for something); to stand trial (for something)
		✓	bị xử trong một phiên toà
			☆	she went on/stood trial for murder
				cô ta bị đem ra toà xử về tội sát nhân
	〆	to put somebody on trial (for something)
		✓	tố cáo ai và đưa ra xét xử
			☆	she was put on trial for fraud
				cô ta phải ra hầu toà về tội lừa đảo
	〆	on trial
		✓	được xem xét và trắc nghiệm
			☆	to take the machine on trial for a week
				đem máy đi thử nghiệm một tuần
	〆	trial and error
		✓	phương pháp thử và sai
			☆	to learn by trial and error
				tự mò mẫm học tập
	〆	trials and tribulation
		✓	những nỗi khổ cực và phiền phức
※	danh từ
	■	(ngôn ngữ học) số ba (bên cạnh số đơn và số đôi; số nhiều)

• Từ đồng nghĩa / Synonyms:
  tribulation, visitation, test, trial run, tryout, run