Tra từ market - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

mar·ket [market markets marketed marketing] noun, verb BrE [ˈmɑːkɪt] NAmE [ˈmɑːrkɪt]
noun
1. countable an occasion when people buy and sell goods; the open area or building where they meet to do this
•a fruit/flower/antiques market
•an indoor/a street market
•market stalls/traders
• We buy our fruit and vegetables at the market.
• Thursday is market day.
•a market town (= a town in Britain where a regular market is or was held)

see also ↑farmers' market
2. singular business or trade, or the amount of trade in a particular type of goods
•the world market in coffee
• They have increased their share of the market by 10%.
•the property/job market (= the number and type of houses, jobs, etc. that are available)
• They have cornered the market in sportswear (= sell the most).
3. countable a particular area, country or section of the population that might buy goods
•the Japanese market
•the global/domestic market
4. singular ~ (for sth) the number of people who want to buy sth
Syn: ↑demand
•a growing/declining market for second-hand cars
• There's not much of a market for black and white televisions nowadays.
5. (often the market)singular people who buy and sell goods in competition with each other
• The market will decide if the TV station has any future.
•a market-based/market-driven/market-led economy
•innovative products at the forefront of market trends
see also ↑black market, ↑market forces
6. countable = ↑stock market
•the futures market
•a market crash There are many other compounds ending in market. You will find them at their place in the alphabet.
more at a buyer's market at ↑buyer, price yourself/sth out of the market at ↑price _v., a seller's market at ↑seller

Word Origin:
Middle English, via Anglo-Norman French from Latin mercatus, from mercari ‘buy’, from merx, merc- ‘merchandise’.

Culture:
markets
Most people in Britain and the US now buy their fresh food in supermarkets rather than traditional markets. But markets are still important to the life of many cities and towns and in recent years farmers’ markets, where local farmers and others sell produce (= fruit, vegetables, etc.) or home-made foods directly to the public, have grown in popularity.
In Britain, most markets are held in the open air, in town squares or market places. They usually take place only on market day, the same day each week, and sometimes on Saturdays, and the stalls are put up for each occasion. Towns where markets have traditionally been held are called market towns. Many still have a market cross, indicating where the market was originally held, or an old market hall, a covered area open at the sides. Today, markets sell flowers, fruit and vegetables, fish and meat, clothes and household goods.
Some towns and cities in Britain and the US have a covered or indoor market. These markets are usually open more days of the week than outdoor markets and operate more like shops. Markets that sell cheap second-hand goods, including clothes, jewellery and books are called flea markets. In the US, these are usually in buildings and open during normal shopping hours.
The word market is sometimes used in American English to refer to any food shop. A hypermarket or superstore in both Britain and the US is a very large store or supermarket.

Thesaurus:
market noun
1. sing.
•They have 20% of the world market in coffee.
trade • • business • • custom • • marketplace •
the market/a trade in sth
(the) foreign/international/global market/business/trade/marketplace
the market/business/trade grows/is booming/picks up/declines
2. C
•a dictionary for the Korean market
audience • • public • • clientele •
a market/an audience for sth
reach a/an market/audience/wide public
attract/build up a/an market/audience/clientele
3. sing. (business)
•The market for large cars is declining.
demand • |informal (no) call for sth •
a market/demand/(no) call for sth
(a) buoyant/changing/potential/falling market/demand
stimulate/boost/increase the market/demand
Demand or market? Market is a more specialist business term. People talk about the housing/labour market but they talk about demand for housing/labour. When a business has trouble producing enough goods because so many people want them, people talk about demand rather than the market:
•We're struggling to meet the demand.
✗ We're struggling to meet the market.

Collocations:
Business
Running a business
buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise
set up/establish/ start/start up/launch a business/company
run/operate a business/company/franchise
head/run a firm/department/team
make/secure/win/block a deal
expand/grow/build the business
boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade
increase/expand production/output/sales
boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability
achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability
cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices
announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks
Sales and marketing
break into/enter/capture/dominate the market
gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share
find/build/create a market for sth
start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign
develop/launch/promote a product/website
create/generate demand for your product
attract/get/retain/help customers/clients
drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales
beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition
meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets
Finance
draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget
keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget
be/come in below/under/over/within budget
generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business
fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit
provide/raise/allocate capital/funds
attract/encourage investment/investors
recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment
get/obtain/offer sb/grant sb credit/a loan
apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance
Failure
lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue
accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts
suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses
face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy
file for/ (NAmE) enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy
(BrE) go into administration/liquidation
liquidate/wind up a company
survive/weather a recession/downturn
propose/seek/block/oppose a merger
launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid

Example Bank:
•A relatively small group of collectors drives the art market.
•Both products are targeting the same market.
•Emerging markets in Asia and Latin America represent the best export opportunities for us.
•Giving away free toys is a popular way to tap the family market.
•Government attempts to manipulate currency markets tend to backfire.
•He believes oil stocks will outperform the market over the next 12 months.
•He believes that regulating the market is a good thing.
•I want to buy some fresh fish at the market.
•Lenders have flooded the market with easy credit.
•Markets evolve in response to consumer demands.
•Organic product lines have expanded from serving a small niche market.
•Rising mortgage rates will price some people out of the market.
•She buys her vegetables from the local farmers' market.
•Single professionals with no children are a lucrative market.
•Some services cannot be left to the market.
•The Chinese market has opened up recently.
•The company has created a niche market for itself.
•The disks are designed for professional applications, rather than the consumer market.
•The government embraced Anglo-American style market reforms.
•The market closed weaker.
•The market demand for greener housing is growing.
•The market is held on Wednesdays.
•The market was down 15 per cent.
•The markets reacted quickly to the negative publicity.
•The organic food market is growing at 10% a year.
•The young, health-conscious female consumer is our target market.
•Their books were geared to a mass market.
•There is not a broad commercial market for these prints.
•They seem to have identified a gap in the market.
•They took the pigs to market.
•They're hoping to get into the Far Eastern market.
•We will charge whatever the market will bear.
•a thriving market in second-hand cars
•an investor who knows how to play the market— and win
•changes in the UK market
•flooding the market with cheap foreign goods
•one of the best car deals on the market
•the completion of the European single market in 1992
•the market for new cars
•to buy some fish at the market
•Every town here has its street market.
•It's a busy market town.
•The jacket is designed for the Japanese market.
•The second-hand car market is declining.
•There has been a downturn in the property market.
•There's not much of a market for black and white televisions nowadays.
•They have 20% of the world market in coffee.
•They produce innovative products at the forefront of market trends.
•They supply beef to the domestic market.
•Thursday is market day in Poitiers.
•We buy our fruit and vegetables at the market.
•We have increased our share of the market by 10%.
•We now have an unprotected, market-led economy.
•a flourishing black market in foreign currency
•a fruit market
•a market stall
•to buy/sell goods on the black market
Idioms: ↑in the market for something ▪ ↑on the market ▪ ↑on the open market ▪ ↑play the market

verb ~ sth (to sb) (as sth)
to advertise and offer a product for sale; to present sth in a particular way and make people want to buy it
Syn: ↑promote
• It is marketed as a low-alcohol wine.
• School meals need to be marketed to children in the same way as other food.
see also ↑marketing
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English, via Anglo-Norman French from Latin mercatus, from mercari ‘buy’, from merx, merc- ‘merchandise’.

Culture:
advertising
Most companies in Britain and the US have to work hard to promote and market their goods in order to sell them. Political parties, charities and other organizations also use advertising. Many pages in newspapers and magazines are filled with advertisements (also called ads or, in Britain, adverts), companies advertise on the Internet and there are also advertisements, usually called commercials, on radio and television.
Advertisements in newspapers and magazines are expensive and only the largest companies can afford to advertise their products in this way. Many organizations, however, use newspapers to advertise jobs and these are generally grouped together in the jobs section. Small companies, such as travel agents, advertise in the classified ads columns, where each advertisement consists of a few lines of text only. Shops and businesses, and individuals wanting to buy or sell second-hand household goods, advertise in local papers.
The wealthiest companies buy advertising time on television. Famous actors or singers sometimes endorse a particular product by appearing in advertisements for it. Some advertising slogans are known by everyone, e.g. ‘Have a break – have a Kit Kat.’ Some advertisements are like very brief episodes of a story. Tobacco advertising is now banned on radio and television in Britain and the US. Advertisers have no influence over the people who make programmes, even if they help pay for them through sponsorship although there is an increasing amount of product placement, where firms pay for their products to be shown in films or television programmes. In the US some commercials are national, others are shown only in a particular area. National commercials are often fun to watch, but local ones have the reputation of being badly made. Some products are sold on smaller channels by an infomercial, a commercial that lasts half an hour or more and tries to look like an entertainment programme.
Other ways of advertising include displaying large posters on hoardings or billboards by the side of roads. Flyers (= small posters) advertising local events or special offers are given to people in the street. Restaurants advertise in theatre programmes, and shops advertise in their own magazines or on their shopping trolleys (AmE carts). Many companies advertise on the Internet.
The biggest US ad agencies have offices in New York on ↑Madison Avenue, so Madison Avenue has come to mean the advertising industry. In Britain, the advertising industry is controlled by the ↑Advertising Standards Authority and ↑Ofcom. All advertisements must be ‘legal, decent, honest and truthful’. In the US the ↑Federal Communications Commission makes rules about advertising. Television and radio stations are required to do some public service announcements (= commercials that give information to the community) free of charge.
There are many forms of advertising on the Internet. Just as firms send junk mail to people who have not asked for it, emails are used to advertise products and services. Unwanted emails are called spam. On Internet pages advertisers use banner ads (= advertisements across the top of bottom of a page), pop-ups (= pages that open in front of the page you are looking at) and links to their own websites to attract customers. Advertisements are also sent to mobile/cellphones.
Many people are against advertising, partly because it adds to the cost of a product. People also say that the influence of advertising is too great, and that children especially want every product they see advertised. On the other hand, many people buy American newspapers on Sundays only because they advertise special offers and contain coupons (= pieces of paper enabling people to buy products at a reduced price).

Example Bank:
•All her products are marketed online on her website.
•It will be marketed as a tonic for the elderly.
•Many farmers have taken steps to directly market their meat to consumers.
•The company is not actively marketing its products to schools.
•The low-alcohol wine is being marketed exclusively to women.
•The printer is being selectively marketed in a handful of countries.
•The product is being marketed through the existing sales force.
•the first commercially marketed rice harvester
•The ‘holiday village’ idea is being heavily marketed in the United Kingdom.