gall

Từ điển American Heritage Dictionary 4th

I. gall¹ (gôl)n.
1. See bile.
2.
a. Bitterness of feeling; rancor.
b. Something bitter to endure:
the gall of defeat.
3. Outrageous insolence; effrontery. [Middle English, from Old English gealla, galla. See ghel-² in Indo-European Roots.] II. gall² (gôl)n.
1. A skin sore caused by friction and abrasion:
a saddle gall.
2.
a. Exasperation; vexation.
b. The cause of such vexation.v. galled, gall·ing, gallsv. tr.
1. To make (the skin) sore by abrasion; chafe.
2. To damage or break the surface of by or as if by friction; abrade:
the bark of saplings galled by improper staking.
See Synonyms at chafe.
3. To irk or exasperate; vex:
It galled me to have to wait outside.v. intr.
To become irritated, chafed, or sore. [Middle English galle, from Old English gealla, possibly from Latin galla, nutgall.] III. gall³ (gôl)worm in gallPhotoDisc, Inc.n.
An abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects, microorganisms, or external injury. [Middle English galle, from Old French, from Latin galla, nutgall.]

• Từ đồng nghĩa / Synonyms:
  crust, impertinence, impudence, insolence, cheekiness, freshness, bile, resentment, bitterness, rancor, rancour, saddle sore, irk, chafe, fret