Tra từ ground - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

ground [ground grounds grounded grounding] noun, verb, adjective BrE [ɡraʊnd] NAmE [ɡraʊnd]
see also ↑grind _v.
noun

SURFACE OF EARTH
1. (often the ground)uncountable the solid surface of the earth
•I found her lying on the ground.
•He lost his balance and fell to the ground.
•2 metres above/below ground
•Most of the monkeys' food is found at ground level.
•ground forces (= soldiers that fight on land, not in the air or at sea)
•Houses and a luxury tourist hotel were burned to the ground (= completely destroyed, so that there is nothing left).

SOIL
2. uncountable soil on the surface of the earth
•fertile ground for planting crops

AREA OF LAND
3. uncountable an area of open land
• The kids were playing on waste ground behind the school.
4. countable (often in compounds) (BrE)an area of land that is used for a particular purpose, activity or sport
•a football/recreation/sports, etc. ground
•ancient burial grounds
see also ↑breeding ground, ↑dumping ground, ↑parade ground, ↑stamping ground, ↑testing ground
5. groundsplural a large area of land or sea that is used for a particular purpose
•fishing grounds
•feeding grounds for birds

GARDENS
6. groundsplural the land or gardens around a large building
•the hospital grounds
• The house has extensive grounds.

AREA OF KNOWLEDGE/IDEAS
7. uncountable an area of interest, knowledge or ideas
• He managed to cover a lot of ground in a short talk.
• We had to go over the same ground (= talk about the same things again) in class the next day.
•You're on dangerous ground (= talking about ideas that are likely to offend sb or make people angry) if you criticize his family.
•I thought I was on safe ground (= talking about a suitable subject) discussing music with her.
•He was back on familiar ground, dealing with the customers.
•They are fighting the Conservatives on their own ground.
see also ↑common ground, ↑middle ground

GOOD REASON
8. countable, usually plural ~ for sth/for doing sth a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth
• You have no grounds for complaint.
• What were his grounds for wanting a divorce?
•The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence.
•He retired from the job on health grounds.
•Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age.

IN LIQUID
9. groundsplural the small pieces of solid matter in a liquid that have fallen to the bottom
•coffee grounds

ELECTRICAL WIRE
10. (NAmE) (BrE earth)countable, usually singular a wire that connects an electric ↑circuit with the ground and makes it safe

BACKGROUND
11. countable a background that a design is painted or printed on
•pink roses on a white ground
more at keep/have an/your ear to the ground at ↑ear, be on firm ground at ↑firm _adj., have/keep your feet on the ground at ↑foot _n., gain ground at ↑gain _v., hit the ground running at ↑hit _v., take, claim, seize, etc. the moral high ground at ↑moral _adj., on neutral ground/territory at ↑neutral _adv., break new ground at ↑new, prepare the ground (for sth) at ↑prepare, be riveted to the spot/ground at ↑rivet _v., shift your ground at ↑shift _v., fall on stony ground at ↑stony, suit sb down to the ground at ↑suit _v.

Word Origin:
n. and v. Old English grund, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch grond and German Grund.

Thesaurus:
ground noun
1. U
•He fell to the ground.
earth • • land • • floor • |literary soil •
on/under the ground/earth/floor
drop/fall to (the) ground/earth/floor
reach the ground/the floor/land
Ground, earth or land? Ground is the normal word for the solid surface that you walk on. Use earth to draw attention to the rock, soil, etc. that the ground is made of. Land is only used to contrast it with the sea
•They fought both at sea and on land.
2. U
•Dig a small hole in the ground.
soil • • land • • earth • • clay • • mud •
dry ground/soil/land/earth/clay/mud
wet/soft ground/soil/earth/clay/mud
fertile/infertile/poor/marshy ground/soil/land
dig the ground/soil/land/earth/clay/mud
cultivate/till/fertilize/drain the ground/soil/land
3. U, C
•The kids were playing on waste ground near the school.
land • • space • • plot • |AmE lot •
(an) open ground/land/space
a/an empty/vacant ground/land/plot/lot
waste/derelict ground/land
a burial ground/plot
Ground, land or lot? Ground U is any area of open land; a ground C is an area of land used for a particular purpose. Land refers to large areas in the country; a lot is a smaller piece of land in a town or city.
4. C (often in compounds) (BrE)
•The council is building a new sports ground in East Oxford.
field • • playing field • • arena • • stadium • |BrE pitch • |AmE park • • ballpark •
a sports ground/field/arena/stadium/pitch
a football/cricket/rugby ground/field/stadium/pitch
a baseball field/stadium/park
Ground, field or pitch? Both field and pitch are used to talk about the area of land where a sport is played. Ground also includes the buildings, seating, etc. around the place where a game is played.
5. grounds pl.
•The castle grounds are open to the public.
gardens • |BrE park • • parkland •
(a) beautiful/landscaped grounds/gardens/park/parkland
(an) extensive grounds/gardens/park/parkland
6. grounds pl.
•You have no grounds for complaint.
reason • • cause • • basis • • case • • motive • • excuse • • justification • • pretext •
(a/an) grounds/reason/cause/basis/case/motive/excuse/justification/pretext for sth
on the grounds/basis/pretext of/that…
logical/personal/no apparent grounds/reason/cause/motive/justification
have (a/an) grounds/reason/cause/case/motive/excuse/justification/pretext

Synonyms:
floor
ground • land • earth
These are all words for the surface that you walk on.
floor • the surface of a room that you walk on: ▪ She was sitting on the floor watching TV.
ground • (often the ground) the solid surface of the earth that you walk on: ▪ I found her lying on the ground. ◇ ▪ The rocket crashed a few seconds after it ▪ left the ground ▪.
land • the surface of the earth that is not sea: ▪ It was good to be back on ▪ dry land ▪ again. ◇ ▪ They fought both at sea and ▪ on land ▪.
earth • (often the earth) the solid surface of the world that is made of rock, soil, sand, etc: ▪ You could feel the earth shake as the truck came closer.
ground, land or earth?
Ground is the normal word for the solid surface that you walk on when you are not in a building or vehicle. You can use earth if you want to draw attention to the rock, soil etc. that the ground is made of. Land is only used when you want to contrast it with the sea: the land beneath our feet ◇ feel the land shake ◇ sight ground/earth ◇ travel by ground/earth
on/under the floor/ground/earth
bare floor/ground/earth
to drop/fall to the floor/the ground/(the) earth
to reach the floor/the ground/land

Synonyms:
land
lot • ground • space • plot
These words all mean an area of land that is used for a particular purpose.
land • an area of ground, especially one that is used for a particular purpose: ▪ agricultural land
lot • (NAmE) a piece of land that is used or intended for a particular purpose: ▪ building lots ◇ ▪ a parking lot
ground • an area of land that is used for a particular purpose: ▪ The kids were playing on waste ground near the school. ◇ ▪ the site of an ancient burial ground
land, lot or ground?
Land is used for large areas of open land in the country, especially when it is used for farming. A lot is often a smaller piece of land in a town or city, especially one intended for building or parking on. Ground is any area of open land; a ground is an area of land designed or used for a particular purpose or activity.
space • a large area of land that has no buildings on it: ▪ The city has plenty of open space. ◇ ▪ the ▪ wide open spaces ▪ of the Canadian prairies
plot • a small piece of land used or intended for a particular purpose: ▪ She bought a small ▪ plot of land ▪ to build a house. ◇ ▪ a vegetable plot
lot or plot?
Either a lot or a plot can be used for building on. Only a plot can also be used for growing vegetables or burying people.
an open space
open/empty/vacant/waste/derelict land/ground
a/an empty/vacant lot/plot

Synonyms:
reason
explanation • grounds • basis • excuse • motive • justification • pretext
These are all words for a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done.
reason • a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done; a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth: ▪ He said no but he didn't give a reason.
explanation • a statement, fact or situation that tells you why sth has happened; a reason given for sth: ▪ The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed. ◇ ▪ She left the room abruptly without explanation.
grounds • (rather formal) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth: ▪ You have no grounds for complaint.
basis • (rather formal) the reason why people take a particular action: ▪ On what basis will this decision be made?
excuse • a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons: ▪ Late again! What's your excuse this time? ◇ ▪ It gave me an excuse to take the car.
motive • a reason that explains sb's behaviour: ▪ There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
justification • (rather formal) a good reason why sth exists or is done: ▪ I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.
grounds or justification?
Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not any. Grounds is used more for talking about reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by law: moral/economic grounds.
pretext • (rather formal) a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason: ▪ He left the party early on the pretext of having to work.
(a/an) reason/explanation/grounds/basis/excuse/motive/justification/pretext for sth
the reason/motive behind sth
on the grounds/basis/pretext of/that…
(a) good/valid reason/explanation/grounds/excuse/motive/justification

Synonyms:
soil
mud • dust • clay • land • earth • dirt • ground
These are all words for the top layer of the earth in which plants grow.
soil • the top layer of the earth in which plants grow: ▪ Plant the seedlings in damp soil.
mud • wet soil that is soft and sticky: ▪ The car wheels got stuck in the mud.
dust • a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of rock, earth, etc: ▪ A cloud of dust rose as the truck set off.
clay • a type of heavy sticky soil that becomes hard when it is baked and is used to make things such as pots and bricks: ▪ The tiles are made of clay.
land • an area of ground, especially of a particular type: ▪ an area of rich, fertile land
earth • the substance that plants grow in. Earth is often used about the soil found in gardens or used for gardening: ▪ She put some earth into the pot.
dirt • (especially NAmE) soil, especially loose soil: ▪ Pack the dirt firmly around the plants.
ground • an area of soil: ▪ The car got stuck in the muddy ground. ◇ ▪ They drove across miles of rough, stony ground.
Ground is not used for loose soil: a handful of dry ground
good/rich soil/land/earth
fertile/infertile soil/land/ground
to dig the soil/mud/clay/land/earth/ground
to cultivate the soil/land/ground

Example Bank:
•Both parties in the debate shared some common ground.
•Both relationships hit rocky ground.
•Drunkenness at work was sufficient grounds for instant dismissal.
•Each time he seemed to be losing the argument, he just shifted his ground.
•He knew he was on dangerous ground talking about money.
•He resigned from his post on the grounds of ill-health.
•He resigned on the grounds of ill health.
•He sat down on the ground.
•He stood on the hallowed ground of Yankee Stadium.
•Her architectural designs have broken new ground.
•Her eyes searched the ground.
•Her feet don't reach the ground when she sits down.
•His evasiveness gave grounds for suspicion.
•His evasiveness gave grounds for the suspicion that he knew more than he was saying.
•His plan is too costly to ever get off the ground.
•I apologize if I'm going over old ground.
•I was angry with his blatant attempt to take the moral high ground.
•I was on more familiar ground now that we were talking about our own system.
•I'll meet you at the football ground.
•Legally, we're on very shaky ground.
•Many estate workers lived in cottages in the grounds of the castle.
•Permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds.
•Poverty is a breeding ground for terrorism.
•Several researchers have published articles covering this ground.
•She held her ground in the debate.
•She lived in the grounds of the castle.
•The atmosphere inside the ground was electric.
•The constable had reasonable grounds for arresting her.
•The doctor's office is on the grounds of the hospital.
•The estuary is a breeding ground for birds and marine life.
•The fall of the old regime provided fertile ground for opportunism.
•The helicopter burst into flames when it hit the ground.
•The horse pawed the ground impatiently.
•The palace is set in extensive grounds.
•The plane was so overloaded it couldn't leave the ground.
•The river has become a dumping ground for industrial waste.
•The roots may spread as far below ground as does the foliage above ground.
•The town stands on high ground and is not prone to flooding.
•The tunnel goes deep under the ground.
•The window is just above ground level.
•Thunder shook the ground.
•We found a patch of open ground in the middle of the woods.
•We just seem to be going over the same ground that we covered last year.
•a hole in the ground
•a search for middle ground between the two sides
•all the graves in the burial ground
•the broken branches which littered the ground
•Ground forces were deployed in the area.
•He lost his balance and fell to the ground.
•I found her lying on the ground.
•It was buried three metres below ground.
•Most of the animals' food is found at ground level.
•The car got stuck in the muddy ground.
•The council is spending £30 000 on new equipment for the recreation ground.
•The ground fell away to the left of the road.
•The kids were playing on waste ground near the school.
•The local people seem to use the woods as a dumping ground for all their household waste.
•The plant grows to about two feet above ground.
•The rocket crashed a few seconds after it left the ground.
•The rope barely reached the ground below.
•There was a small patch of ground at the side of the cottage.
•They drove across miles of rough, stony ground.
•They're building a new football ground in the town.
•We visited the site of an ancient burial ground.
Idioms: ↑cut the ground from under somebody's feet ▪ ↑gain up ground ▪ ↑get off the ground ▪ ↑give ground ▪ ↑go to ground ▪ ↑hold your ground ▪ ↑on the ground ▪ ↑run somebody into the ground ▪ ↑run yourself into the ground ▪ ↑thin on the ground

verb

BOAT
1. transitive, intransitive ~ (sth) when a boat grounds or sth grounds it, it touches the bottom of the sea and is unable to move
•The fishing boat had been grounded on rocks off the coast of Cornwall.

AIRCRAFT
2. transitive, often passive ~ sth to prevent an aircraft from taking off
•The balloon was grounded by strong winds.
•All planes out of Heathrow have been grounded by the strikes.

CHILD
3. transitive, usually passive ~ sb to punish a child or young person by not allowing them to go out with their friends for a period of time
•You're grounded for a week!

ELECTRICITY
4. (NAmE) (BrE earth)transitive, usually passive ~ sth to make electrical equipment safe by connecting it to the ground with a wire
see also ↑grounded, ↑grounding
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
n. and v. Old English grund, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch grond and German Grund.

Example Bank:
•His book is firmly grounded in memories of his own childhood.

adjective only before noun (of food)
cut, chopped or crushed into very small pieces or powder
•ground coffee
• (US)ground pork
see also ↑hamburger (²)

Word Origin:
n. and v. Old English grund, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch grond and German Grund.

See also: ↑earth