rough
 I. adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a rough calculation (=not very detailed or exact)
▪ I made a few rough calculations of how much it would cost.
a rough count (=not exact)
▪ I made a rough count of the houses in the street.
a rough draft (=not the finished form)
▪ Could you let me see a rough draft of your report?
a rough guess (=one that is not exact)
▪ This is just a rough guess, but I think it would cost about $50.
a rough outline (=one that has no details and that might change)
▪ Thompson gave me a rough outline of what had happened at the previous meeting.
a rough/approximate estimate (=not exact)
▪ Can you give me a rough estimate of how much the repairs will cost?
a rough/crude approximation (=one that is not very exact)
▪ Could you give us a rough approximation of the cost?
a rough/free translation (=one that is not very exact)
▪ It’s a rough translation but I think the meaning is clear.
an approximate/rough figure
▪ He gave us an approximate figure for the cost of the repairs.
diamond in the rough
hard/rough/slow etc going
▪ I’m getting the work done, but it’s slow going.
live roughBritish English (= live outside because of having no home)
▪ I ran away from home and lived rough for nine months.
rough and tumble
▪ the rough and tumble of public life
rough country (=difficult to travel over)
▪ a vehicle especially designed for rough country
rough diamond
rough guide
▪ The figures are only a rough guide.
rough paper
rough sketch
▪ Cantor drew a rough sketch of his apartment on a napkin.
rough (=with big waves)
▪ The sea was too rough to swim in.
rough (=not smooth or soft)
▪ The skin on his hands was rough and dry.
rough
▪ I reached out and touched the rough surface of the stone wall.
rough
▪ She felt the rough texture of his beard against her cheek.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
 NOUN
approximation
▪ For a long time, this was sufficient justification for Friedmann's assumption - as a rough approximation to the real universe.
▪ But as a very rough approximation, avoiding pain and courting pleasure is indeed the way we act.
▪ Neither could these illustrations just be rough approximations of the finished articles.
▪ However, by making some assumptions, a rough approximation of public expenditure saving can be reached.
cut
▪ Down on the bottom floor the timber for Yamaha's ever-increasing range of electric guitars is rough cut and then smooth finished.
day
▪ For quite a lot of people the last day of October was going to be a very rough day indeed.
▪ It is easy to forget exactly how much allowance should be made for the wind and other factors on a rough day.
diamond
▪ Keep your rough diamonds, your kaleidoscope, your mission, your connectors and your propaganda peddler-routing revolution.
draft
▪ Could it really be the first rough draft of a Euro-constitution?
▪ Tanedo works individually with students, helping them brainstorm and write rough drafts.
▪ She cobbled together a rough draft and then rewrote it, trying to remove the more ostentatious signs of plagiarism.
▪ For a while the conditions are so propitious that by spring break I have a rough draft of my book.
▪ One approach to the hypertext-to-text coherence problem is a labor-intensive one and treats the hypertext form as a rough draft.
▪ He kept a journal now, one filled with assignments from Speech and Psychology and Math and various rough drafts for me.
edge
▪ Although he sometimes rounded the rough edges off the truth, he remained an amusing raconteur and lively company.
▪ They were the pioneers willing to accept the rough edges of life on the technological frontier.
▪ Unpredictable, emotional and alive, it is, in keeping with the area, soul with the rough edges intact.
▪ But the Florentine School had not polished away her rough edges.
▪ Too much pressure, and you get a rough edge.
▪ He managed to smooth away his rougher edges.
▪ As with Brian, and I hope myself, Terry worked on these areas to try and even off the rough edges.
▪ Early rough edges refined in the studio and the power never drags.
estimate
▪ Calculate a rough estimate of interest at 1 percent per month.
▪ One in 5,000 is a rough estimate.
▪ You should be able to give a rough estimate of how much work each stage of the case is likely to entail.
▪ As a rough estimate, the average number of records required per title is 5.
▪ A rough estimate of the current amount of housebuilding in towns of over 50,000 population is around 15 percent.
▪ It seems worthwhile to attempt such a semi-quantitative approach if only to give rough estimates of the parameters involved.
▪ At a rough estimate 50 percent can write a few words, 50 percent can not.
grass
▪ Now they were stumbling into the front row of people, on to rough grass.
▪ Dougal stepped softly over the rough grass towards the gazebo.
▪ The road, which was narrow, was separated from a low cliff by a stretch of rough grass.
▪ Chill softness brushed his back as he slid into the rough grass.
▪ Good for utility lawns and keeping rough grass under control.
▪ I thrust into rough grass and smoothly penetrated your loamy depths.
grazing
▪ In the past, waste was not useless, but provided fuel, building materials and industrial materials, as well as rough grazing.
▪ She had needed nothing but some rough grazing, a few wells and the hospitality of the bedu to get her across.
▪ High percentage of farm land or all land in permanent pasture made up of rough grazing.
ground
▪ Felipe de Santis sat at the wheel, his eyes dark and irritated as he approached at speed over the rough ground.
▪ I was nervous about hitting the tail rotor on the rough ground.
▪ Picking her way over the rough ground and through the hazards, she gained the kitchen entrance.
▪ Handling a long-wheelbase Land-Rover with its trailer over rough ground is an art that needs plenty of practice.
▪ It is important to dress comfortably, with shoes that are suitable for walking over fairly rough ground.
▪ Then they were driving over rough ground, loose stones popping under the tyres.
▪ The specimen is believed to be a rough ground record for the south west.
▪ This helps to prevent the glider from bouncing on any rough ground.
guess
▪ At the side put down a rough guess of the cost that might be involved.
▪ At a rough guess, Pierremont Gardens today stands where the real gardens of Pierremont used to be.
guide
▪ We assume to start with that the weighted patterns provide a rough guide to playing the game.
▪ Charges differ throughout the country but 40p per cubic metre is a rough guide.
▪ However, as a rough guide, it feels slightly more Gibson-like than it does Fenderish, if that helps.
▪ Although individuals vary a great deal, a very rough guide is that the liver removes one unit of alcohol each hour.
▪ The latter is calibrated in centimetres, but most people will probably only use the rod as a rough guide.
▪ As a rough guide, first scrub or wash, peel and slice them.
▪ Charts, then, are only a rough guide to ideal weight.
hand
▪ Joe stared down at the large, rough hand gently rubbing against him.
▪ Looking down, she saw an oilcloth suit and rough hands.
▪ His rough hand had dirt under the nails.
▪ She felt his big rough hand running along her body outside her new dress.
idea
▪ And to give a rough idea of where the group makes its money, she cited breakdown of turnover by geographic area.
▪ This chart, from an Intelrun benchmark called Spec95, gives a rough idea of how the two chip families stack up.
▪ This comment depends upon having some rough idea what would count as racial discrimination.
▪ I had a rough idea from the photograph where the site was, but on the ground everything looked different.
▪ His wife gave me a rough idea of what their insurance situation was.
▪ Now you have a rough idea of your foot type, what do you look for?
justice
▪ For that he was put to death and there was, in one respect, a rough justice about it.
▪ So there was rough justice in the world.
▪ On the other hand this meted out only a very rough justice to owners.
▪ Exiled by Bolcarro to that judicial Siberia, Judge Lyttle applied his own rough justice.
▪ Here rappers become vigilantes or revolutionaries: machines for dispensing rough justice or revenge.
▪ Perhaps this was rough justice for my having ridden that one mile on the workmen's lorry on the sixth day.
▪ But the appetite for rough justice which the gun-toting sheriff satisfied does not easily go away.
▪ As it happens, there'd be a certain rough justice if I got a wage from it.
night
▪ Sounds as if he had a rough night trying to keep pace with his hosts, poor fellow!
▪ They had a rough night last night.
outline
▪ I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach.
▪ As the rough outlines of other cult members' lives began to take shape, I recognized them, too.
▪ We started the first rough outline of a scenario.
▪ So in the rest of this introductory chapter I will give a rough outline of all that we did, and why.
▪ So, if you can, plan ahead in rough outline.
paper
▪ I'd say you're looking for a business where they have a heavy demand for rough paper.
▪ On rough paper, cliches and clumsy constructions are allowed and then debated.
▪ Cheap envelopes of rough paper, one blue, one greeny-grey.
passage
▪ To get there would be a rough passage, and the return tortuous.
▪ It was like coming to harbour after a rough passage - with an armful of comfort to hand.
pasture
▪ For years he had refused, as it would have upset his hens in their rough pasture.
▪ At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.
▪ The separation is at its most apparent in the summer, when the males feed on rougher pastures higher up the mountain.
▪ The changes were largely at the expense of moorland, heath and rough pasture.
patch
▪ She had been a major influence in my life, and helped me through the rough patches.
▪ The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch.
▪ It fills in rough patches on the cuticle and give a light-reflecting finish.
▪ When the company I work for went through a rough patch, there were no pay rises for two years.
▪ My boyfriend and I were going through a very rough patch at the time.
play
▪ That was also rough play and he should have been punished sternly.
ride
▪ Goodwin's letter was given a predictably rough ride by the liberationist press.
▪ But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride.
▪ Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride.
▪ Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride.
▪ He felt cold, his arms and legs aching from the rough ride of the previous day.
▪ He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.
▪ Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride.
road
▪ It's far from fast and there is some body shake over very rough roads.
▪ We drove for a few miles on the main road to Perth, and then turned on to a smaller, rougher road.
▪ From the chapel follow the rough road east, then north.
▪ The information highway is a rough road at best.
▪ The roughest road they will likely encounter is a parking lot studded with speed bumps.
sea
▪ Unfortunately, the London's pilot was fatally wounded, but his co-pilot managed to alight in a very rough sea.
▪ The equity department weathered not only rough seas but rejection as well.
▪ A free country in a free world is always at risk from high winds and rough seas.
▪ He sat at an ordinary table, to which the plates were clipped, as aboard ship in a rough sea.
▪ But the yacht would be a pounding hell if caught out in a rough sea.
▪ Sebastian Cermeno, went down in rough seas in 1595, along with at least seven sailors.
▪ It took a bishop called Wilfred, who was driven on to the Sussex coast by rough seas, to make the breakthrough.
▪ Dawn revealed that the rough seas had once again snapped the hogging trusses which sagged pitifully on each side of the raft.
sketch
▪ Also, try to make a very rough sketch of the rooms on each floor.
▪ Make a rough sketch of a parachute on the board.
▪ Draw a rough sketch and then translate them all in a permanent fashion to the wall.
▪ Cantor picked up his paper napkin and drew a rough sketch of a cell membrane.
▪ She sighed again and sorted through the rough sketches.
▪ Yoyo studied the rough sketch a moment.
▪ I enclose details of how to find the school and a rough sketch map showing the route from the A6.
spot
▪ Remember when Wilkinson hit that rough spot in the board meeting?
▪ Lewis talks to her, fills in the rough spots.
stone
▪ Then he lifted his other foot from the ground and set it firmly on the rough stone surface too.
▪ There are rough stone floors everywhere.
▪ Huge rough stones stood on the hard ground.
▪ There were no walls, just rough stones the size of dinner-plates marking each grave.
▪ It's impossible! she exclaimed to herself, getting up and leaning on the rough stone windowsill.
▪ Clapper or rough stone bridges are also a familiar part of the Dartmoor scenery.
▪ They pulled themselves to the top of the wall, sat there on the rough stone, shivering.
▪ She watched him clatter over the rough stones and station himself in the shadows beside the entrance.
stuff
▪ There's no rough stuff from the police - nothing you could file a complaint about - just an unexpected public display.
▪ I wait for the rough stuff.
▪ I nursed my damaged finger, and showed it to anyone who wanted me to join in the rough stuff.
▪ A great route, but strictly for lovers of full body contact and a bit of the rough stuff.
▪ A spot of rough stuff in the night; that's all they expected.
▪ But she might still be a hindrance when it came to the rough stuff.
▪ It should out-point them on the rough stuff, too, for the Range Rover is still king of the wild frontiers.
surface
▪ She stumbled on the rough surface and Roman slid his arm round her waist, holding her against him.
▪ I ran my tongue over its rough surface and felt its salty effervescence.
▪ The fabric may be textured to give it a rougher surface, resembling canvas.
▪ When reflected from a rough surface, singly and doubly reflected waves intermingle, and the signal is depolarized.
▪ You can ring the changes by exposing the aggregate and creating a rough surface texture if you find a smooth finish uninspiring.
▪ Between our mangled bodies and the rough surface of the board floor there was a thin rubber blanket.
▪ You can verify that for yourself by running your fingertips ova a slightly rough surface and then stopping.
▪ Coat each hair with a fine translucent film which smooths down the rough surface &038; seals the hair to prevent moisture loss.
terrain
▪ It's a new mobility aid designed to help blind people cover rough terrain.
▪ Otis flew over the column, dropping flares to help the nearly blind tanks and APCs navigate the rough terrain.
▪ The three person team was the first to cover 30 miles of rough terrain over two days.
▪ Specially out-fitted bulldozers, called Rome Plows, also flattened huge areas of rough terrain.
▪ So the question of her taking a five-mile hike across what in parts was sometimes rough terrain would never have occurred.
▪ Several times, sweeps through rough terrain, which had previously yielded nothing, resulted in the discovery of enemy units.
▪ At the top of the rise, in rougher terrain, the scenery improves dramatically as Gruinard Bay is suddenly revealed ahead.
▪ Off road means parkland and rough terrain.
texture
▪ I used the smoother side of the paper as I find a definite, rough texture rather intrusive.
▪ The heel of one of them might massage his arm or the rough texture of his cheek.
▪ The hairs have overlapping scales, which gives them a rough texture and increases the friction between goat and snow.
▪ The rough texture of the coat helps to protect it in undergrowth.
time
▪ This type of loving commitment can bring a marriage through the rough times and into full blossom again.
▪ She tries to recall the good memories to help smooth out the rough times.
▪ We're in for a rough time, Marcus.
▪ We were having a rough time just trying to pay the printer.
▪ You've been through rough times.
▪ She is having a rough time, too.
▪ The teachers gave me a rough time for a couple of years because my student and acting image didn't fit.
▪ After that, however, the law may have a rougher time.
track
▪ Situated on a high plain, behind Rennes-le-Chateau, La Valdieu was at the end of a very rough track.
▪ Once just a rough track, it is now passable and marked by little yellow arrows to show people the right direction.
▪ People would send cars up that rough track to Low Birk Hatt to make sure I travelled in style.
▪ Carry straight on up a rough track - this is the Minchmoor Road.
▪ Xerxes sent the Immortals, whose march-discipline on rough tracks in the dark might be equal to the task.
▪ After ¼ mile, at farm, continue uphill on obvious rough track to left of farm.
▪ Turn right and continue until you reach the buildings of Dykeheads and then take the rough track to the left.
▪ The car was closer, bumping heavily over the rough track.
treatment
▪ Especially with the rough treatment it was being subjected to.
▪ Pushchairs should be lightweight and compact, easy to fold and capable of withstanding rough treatment.
▪ The lock was not designed for rough treatment.
▪ Vinyl wallcoverings are always practical in halls since they will withstand all sorts of rough treatment.
▪ Ricardo Weibel was seized and brought to the base for 12 days of rough treatment, before being released and sent home.
▪ For all the rough treatment meted out to houses in institutional use, many retain remarkably fine interiors.
weather
▪ Our next reaction was fear that the invasion would not succeed because of the unusually rough weather.
▪ But this is no lagoon, and rough weather still has its effect.
▪ Prevents wet feet when working on the foredeck or on the lee rail in rough weather.
▪ Some doubted its ability to withstand rough weather.
▪ Fortunately, because they are diving birds, temporary submergence in rough weather is not going to trouble them.
▪ There was therefore an understandable reluctance to undertake regularly long voyages to windward in rough weather.
▪ We generally sleep right through the early morning if it's rough weather.
▪ We have suffered too much rough weather over the last few years to fall victim now to storms in the Cabinet.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a bad/difficult/sticky/rough patch
▪ Even when they knew he was going through a bad patch they would continue to deliver dangerous back-passes to him.
▪ Every team goes through a bad patch.
▪ Evode has gone through a sticky patch.
▪ Having hit a bad patch, financially, I decided I must try for some paid work with my knitting machine.
▪ Ruefully, she recalled her pleasure at the way the book, after a difficult patch, had begun to develop.
▪ Sometimes I am a real power pack of efficiency; then I hit a bad patch.
▪ Talk about hitting a bad patch.
▪ The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch.
a bit of rough
▪ At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.
a rough/easy ride
▪ Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride.
▪ But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride.
▪ Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride.
▪ He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.
▪ Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride.
cut up rough
▪ But he can cut up rough and turn a bit nasty if he's got a mind to.
sleep rough
▪ A chap who had slept rough for more than 20 years was invited to offer ideas on how it should be run.
▪ And he's often had to sleep rough.
▪ As a result we have seen a sharp fall in the numbers who sleep rough on our streets.
▪ How long he'd been sleeping rough no one could tell.
▪ Many people in neighbouring buildings were also hurt as were a number of beggars sleeping rough on the pavement.
▪ Now it's in urgent need of blankets to lend to those forced to sleep rough.
▪ Others are left to wander or sleep rough.
▪ She lost precious belongings in her days of sleeping rough.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ "What are you doing in here?'' shouted the farmer in a rough voice.
▪ rough mountain paths
▪ A rough gravel trail was the only way into town.
▪ Football's a rough sport.
▪ Fran was shaking her urgently, his voice rough with concern.
▪ Give us a rough idea of what you're trying to do.
▪ He fell, cutting his forehead on the rough edge of a rock.
▪ He gave us a rough outline of the course.
▪ Hessian cloth provides a rough homespun texture that was popular in the 1950s.
▪ His hands were big and rough.
▪ I'd say that the whole thing would cost you around $1000, but that's just a rough estimate.
▪ I've got a rough estimate here of what it might cost.
▪ I've had a rough day.
▪ I have not been able to do more than suggest the rough outline of this approach.
▪ It's just a rough draft, but I'd like you to read it and tell me what you think.
▪ It was a rough crossing and most of the passengers were seasick.
▪ Max grew up in a particularly rough part of Brooklyn.
▪ Photographs show the rough surface of the moon.
▪ Prices shown are only a rough guideline.
▪ She had a rough idea of where Harry lived, but she didn't know the exact street.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A rough hut, breadfruit, bananas, no one to talk to.
▪ Armagnac, rather like SuperBrat, is appealing because of its rough edges, its unpredictability.
▪ Here you meet the Garburn Road, a rough trackway which crosses over the pass.
▪ It is rough, he says, very bad.
▪ Most of the activities are routed through woodland and as some of the pathways can be rough outdoor footwear is recommended.
▪ The commonest are rough spar or aggregate finishes, and imitation brick and stonework; all can be painted if required.
▪ The stone scraped her legs, was rough against her hands.
▪ We were having a rough time just trying to pay the printer.
II. noun
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ friction caused by the roughness of the road surface
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Both are talented campaigners who are expert at mixing the rough and the smooth.
▪ His tee shot ended up in the rough and from there he could only slash the ball 50 yards over the green.
▪ Particularly helpful is the ability to produce slick roughs, illustrating an idea or a copy line.
▪ The roughs are weeded out until only the best remain.
III. verb
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a bad/difficult/sticky/rough patch
▪ Even when they knew he was going through a bad patch they would continue to deliver dangerous back-passes to him.
▪ Every team goes through a bad patch.
▪ Evode has gone through a sticky patch.
▪ Having hit a bad patch, financially, I decided I must try for some paid work with my knitting machine.
▪ Ruefully, she recalled her pleasure at the way the book, after a difficult patch, had begun to develop.
▪ Sometimes I am a real power pack of efficiency; then I hit a bad patch.
▪ Talk about hitting a bad patch.
▪ The Royal Family is certainly going through a rough patch.
a bit of rough
▪ At the moment it looks more like a bit of rough pasture ... full of dandelions and clover patches.
a rough/easy ride
▪ Any member on a committee to which Karl Barth belonged had a rough ride.
▪ But history says Bill Clinton may be in for a rough ride.
▪ Even after the Renaissance and the rebirth of learning had reached these shores ears were still having a rough ride.
▪ He cheered Tory backbenchers, but they predicted that the Chancellor could also face a rough ride unless the plan works.
▪ Well, it's turned out not so badly, he thought, although it's been a rough ride.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A television reporter was roughed up.
▪ As soon as they left, the agents went after them and roughed them up.
▪ By this time, Zigo had roughed up Flinn a bit, and she was afraid of him.
▪ Get Jim Bullinger past the first inning without getting too roughed up, and the Chicago Cubs pitcher is tough to beat.
▪ On the next play, Cal was flagged for roughing the passer.
▪ The rest of the animals had been roughed off and turned away in a distant paddock.
▪ Where they roughed out the areas they could cover, and possible sources of material.
IV. adverb
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ "Well, what are you waiting for? Get a move on!'' said the guard roughly.
▪ A man on the subway grabbed her roughly, asking for money.
▪ Write your experiment in rough then read it through carefully before finalizing it.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ And even when the tires went flat or the road grew rough, we loved every minute of the journey.
rough
I. rough1 S2 W3 /rʌf/ adjective (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)
[Word Family: noun: rough, the rough, roughage, roughness; verb: rough, roughen; adverb: rough, roughly; adjective: rough]
[Language : Old English; Origin : ruh]
1. NOT SMOOTH having an uneven surface OPP smooth:
▪ Her hands were rough from hard work.
▪ the rough terrain at the base of the mountains
▪ We were bumping over the rough ground.
2. NOT EXACT [USUALLY BEFORE NOUN]not exact, not containing many details, or not in a final form SYN approximate:
▪ a rough sketch of the house
▪ a rough translation
▪ Could you give me a rough idea what time you’ll be home?
▪ a rough estimate of the cost
▪ First do a rough draft of your essay.
3. PROBLEMS/DIFFICULTIES a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficulties SYN tough:
▪ The first year was rough, but things have gotten better.
▪ Sounds like you had a rough day.
▪ We’ve been through some rough times together.
▪ My boyfriend and I were going through a rough patch.
▪ The bill is in for a rough ride in the Senate.
▪ It’s been rough going, but we’ve almost finished now.
4. NOT GENTLE using force, anger, or violence OPP gentle:
▪ Rugby is a very rough sport.
▪ Don’t be too rough – she’s only little.
▪ Paul gave her a rough shake.
▪ equipment capable of withstanding rough treatment
▪ The referee won’t allow any rough stuff (=violent behaviour).
be rough on somebody (=treat someone unkindly or criticize them in an angry way)
▪ Don’t you think you were a little rough on her?
5. TOWN/AREA ETC a rough area is a place where there is a lot of violence or crime:
▪ a rough part of town
6. WEATHER/SEA with strong wind or storms OPP calm:
▪ The ship went down in rough seas.
7. VOICE/SOUND
a) not sounding soft or gentle, and often rather unpleasant or angry:
▪ Barton’s deep, rough voice
b) having an unpleasant sound, especially because there is something wrong with a machine:
▪ The clutch sounds rough – better get it checked.
8. SIMPLE/NOT WELL MADE simple and often not very well made:
▪ a rough wooden table
9. NOT COMFORTABLE uncomfortable, and with difficult conditions:
▪ The journey was long and rough.
10. have rough edges
(also be rough around the edges)
a) to have some parts that are not as good as they should be, but that are not a serious problem:
▪ The team has a few rough edges, but they’re winning more games.
b) if a person is rough around the edges, they are not very polite, educated etc
11. rough night
a night when you did not sleep well:
▪ Mickey had a rough night last night.
12. a rough deal
something that happens to you that is unfair or unpleasant:
▪ He’s had a rough deal with his wife leaving him like that.
13. feel rough
British English informal to feel ill
14. look rough
British English informal to look untidy, dirty, or unhealthy:
▪ After travelling for two days we must have looked pretty rough.
15. rough and ready
not perfect, but good enough for a particular purpose:
▪ The tests are only a rough and ready guide to a pupil’s future development.
16. rough justice
punishment that is not decided in a court in the usual legal way, and that is often severe or unfair:
▪ Gangs practise a kind of rough justice on their members.
—roughness noun [UNCOUNTABLE]
⇨ rough diamond, rough paper, roughly
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 3)
nouns
▪a rough day/week etc
▪ He’s had a rough week at work.
▪a rough time
▪ My children had a rough time because they were different from the rest.
▪a rough patch (=a difficult time that does not last long)
▪ He was good at encouraging his team when it hit a rough patch.
▪a rough ride (=a time when you are criticized, opposed etc)
▪ She was given a rough ride by the press.
▪ Though the President pushed the bill through the House of Representatives, it faces a rough ride in the Senate.
▪rough going (=a difficult and unpleasant experience)
▪ If there is a recession, next year will be very rough going.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪rough having a surface that is not flat or smooth :
▪ rough ground
▪ a rough mountain path
▪ The walls were all rough.
▪ Her hands were rough and work-hardened.
▪uneven an uneven surface has areas that are not flat or not all at the same level :
▪ The floor was uneven.
▪ She climbed the uneven steps with great care.
▪bumpy a bumpy road, path, or area of land has a lot of holes and raised parts in it :
▪ the bumpy track down to the farm
▪ The field was too bumpy to play football on.
▪ a bumpy journey (=on a road that has a very rough surface)
▪coarse having a rough surface that feels slightly hard – used especially about materials such as cloth or wool :
▪ coarse woollen blankets
▪ coarse grass
▪ The wool felt rather coarse.
▪rugged /ˈrʌɡəd, ˈrʌɡɪd/ land that is rugged is very rough and uneven and is often in a high place :
▪ the rugged terrain near the mountains
COLLOCATIONS CHECK
▪rough ground/sea/stone/skin
▪uneven surface/floor/pavement
▪bumpy road/field/journey
▪coarse cloth/wool/paper/grass
▪rugged terrain/mountain/landscape/coastline
II. rough2 noun
[Word Family: noun: rough, the rough, roughage, roughness; verb: rough, roughen; adverb: rough, roughly; adjective: rough]
1. the rough
uneven ground with long grass on an area where people play golf OPP green
2. take the rough with the smooth
to accept the bad things in life as well as the good ones:
▪ You have to learn to take the rough with the smooth.
3. [COUNTABLE]
a picture drawn very quickly, not showing all the details SYN sketch:
▪ a rough of the proposed housing development
4. in rough
British English if you write or draw something in rough, you do it without paying attention to details or tidiness, because you are going to do it again later:
▪ It’s best to work in rough first, and then write it out neatly.
5. a bit of rough
British English informal someone from a lower social class than you, with whom you have a sexual relationship
⇨ diamond in the rough
III. rough3 verb
[Word Family: noun: rough, the rough, roughage, roughness; verb: rough, roughen; adverb: rough, roughly; adjective: rough]
rough it informal to live for a short time in conditions that are not very comfortable:
▪ I don’t mind roughing it for a while.
rough something ↔ out phrasal verb British English
to draw or write something without including all the details:
▪ a diagram the engineer had roughed out on his notepad
rough somebody ↔ up phrasal verb
informal to attack someone and hurt them by hitting them
IV. rough4 adverb
[Word Family: noun: rough, the rough, roughage, roughness; verb: rough, roughen; adverb: rough, roughly; adjective: rough]
1. sleep rough
British English to sleep outside with nothing to protect you from the weather, especially because you have no home to live in:
▪ the number of people sleeping rough on the street
2. play rough
to play in a fairly violent way
⇨ cut up rough at cut1(6)
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