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Từ điển American Heritage Dictionary 4th
rough



rough (rŭf)adj. rough·er, rough·est
1. Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth.
2. Coarse or shaggy to the touch:
a rough scratchy blanket.
3.
a. Difficult to travel over or through:
the rough terrain of the highlands.
b. Characterized by violent motion; turbulent:
rough waters.
c. Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather:
a rough winter.
d. Unpleasant or difficult:
had a rough time during the exam.
4.
a. Boisterous, unruly, uncouth, or rowdy:
ran with a rough crowd.
b. Lacking polish or finesse:
rough manners.
5. Characterized by carelessness or force, as in manipulating:
broke the crystal through rough handling.
6. Harsh to the ear:
a rough raspy sound.
7. Being in a natural state:
rough diamonds.
8. Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed:
a rough drawing; rough carpentry.n.
1.
a. Rugged overgrown terrain.
b. Sports. The part of a golf course left unmowed and uncultivated.
2. The difficult or disagreeable aspect, part, or side:
observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill.
3. Something in an unfinished or hastily worked-out state.
4. A crude unmannered person; a rowdy.tr.v. roughed, rough·ing, roughs
1.
a. To treat roughly or with physical violence:
roughed up his opponent.
b. Sports. To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness, often in violation of the rules:
was ejected from the game for roughing the passer.
2. To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form:
rough out a house plan.adv.
In a rough manner; roughly:
The engine began to run rough and faltered.Idiom:rough it
To live without the usual comforts and conveniences:
roughed it in a small hunting shack. [Middle English, from Old English rūh.] roughʹer n.roughʹly adv.roughʹness n. 
Synonyms: rough, harsh, jagged, rugged, scabrous, uneven
These adjectives apply to what is not smooth but has a coarse, irregular surface. Rough describes something that to the sight or touch has inequalities, as projections or ridges: rough bark; rough, chapped hands. Something harsh is unpleasantly rough, discordant, or grating: harsh burlap; a harsh voice. Jagged refers to an edge or surface with irregular projections and indentations: a jagged piece of glass. Rugged can apply to land surfaces characterized by irregular, often steep rises and slopes: rugged countryside. Scabrous means rough and scaly to the touch: granular, scabrous skin. Uneven describes lines or surfaces of which some parts are not level with others: uneven ground; uneven handwriting. See also synonyms at rude

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