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Từ điển Oxford Learners Wordfinder Dictionary
before/after
see also FIRST/NEXT/LAST, EARLY/LATE
※ before
- earlier (than sb/sth): before (※¦), earlier (on)
Have you been there before? ◎ the day before my birthday ◎ She got there before us. ◎ I'll come and pick you up an hour before the film's due to start. ◎ I had a snack before going to bed. ◎ 'Have you seen Sara?' 'Yes, I saw her earlier on.'
- a particular length of time before now: ago
About four months ago I changed jobs. ◎ I last saw Mary about a year ago.
- before a particular time or event: in advance, beforehand
Do we have to pay for the tickets in advance? ◎ Can you let me know beforehand how much the meal will cost?
- coming before sth else that is more important: preliminary
They have to make some preliminary enquiries before they make any arrests. ◎ a preliminary exam
- at an earlier time, but not now: previously, formerly
He was formerly managing director of the company.
- belonging to an earlier time: previous, former, old
The previous owners did not take care of the place very well. ◎ Yesterday I met my former history teacher. ◎ I much prefer this house to their old one.
- to exist or have a position before sb/sth: be/come* before sb/sth, precede sb/sth; adjective: preceding
A comes before B in the alphabet. ◎ Ignore the preceding comments.
※ after
- later (than sb/sth): after (※¦), afterwards (AmE afterward), later (on)
The bus came soon after. ◎ After a while, she decided to go. ◎ We arrived after them. ◎ After listening to his explanation, I realized he was speaking the truth. ◎ The postman usually comes after I leave the house in the morning. ◎ We can go for a drink afterwards if you like. ◎ I'll finish off the ironing later.
- after a period of time: in ※¦
Can you come back in an hour?
- at a later time: (formal) subsequently
She joined the company as a secretary and subsequently went on to become a director.
- belonging to a later time or happening afterwards: later, (formal) subsequent
We can decide that at a later date/stage. ◎ I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong.
- to exist or have a position after sb/sth: be/come* after sb/sth, follow sb/sth; adjective: following
April comes after March. ◎ Night follows day.
※ people
- a person who used to be sth in the past can be called an ex-※¦
He bumped into his ex-wife in Seattle. ◎ the ex-president
- a person who was previously in the job or position that sb is in now: predecessor
Who was Clinton's predecessor as president?
- to have a job or important position after sb else: succeed sb (as sth)
Clinton succeeded Bush as President of the United States.
- a person who succeeds sb: successor to sb (as sth)
a successor to the President ◎ her successor as chief executive
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