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Từ điển American Heritage Dictionary 4th
taxonomy
 tax·on·o·my (tăk-sŏnʹə-mē)n. pl. tax·on·o·mies
1. The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.
2. The science, laws, or principles of classification; systematics.
3. Division into ordered groups or categories: “Scholars have been laboring to develop a taxonomy of young killers” (Aric Press). [French taxonomie: Greek taxis, arrangement; see taxis + -nomie, method (from Greek -nomiā. See -nomy).] tax·onʹo·mist n.
Taxonomy of Life
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| The taxonomic organization of species is hierarchical. Each species belongs to a genus, each genus |
| belongs to a family, and so on through order, class, phylum, and kingdom. Associations within the |
| hierarchy reflect evolutionary relationships, which are deduced typically from morphological and |
| physiological similarities between species. So, for example, species in the same genus are more |
| closely related and more alike than species that are in different genera within the same family. |
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| Carolus Linnaeus, an 18th-century Swedish botanist, devised the system of binomial nomenclature |
| used for naming species. In this system, each species is given a two-part Latin name, formed by |
| appending a specific epithet to the genus name. By convention, the genus name is capitalized, and |
| both the genus name and specific epithet are italicized, for Canis familiaris or simply C. familiaris. |
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| Modern taxonomy recognizes five kingdoms, into which the estimated five million species of the world |
| are divided. This table presents a familiar organism from each kingdom and the names of the |
| taxonomic groups to which it belongs. |
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| Common | Kingdom | Phylum* | Class | Order | Family | Genus | Species |
| Name | | | | | | | |
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| Domesticated | Animalia | Chordata | Mammalia | Carnivora | Canidae | Canis | C. familiaris |
| Dog | (animals) | | | | | | |
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| Sugar Maple | Plantae | Magnoliophyta | Rosidae | Sapindales | Aceraceae | Acer | A. |
| | (plants) | | | | | | saccharum |
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| Bread Mold | Fungi | Zygomycota | Zygomycetes | Mucoralis | Mucoraceae | Rhizopus | R. stolonifer |
| | (fungi) | | | | | | |
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| Tuberculosis | Prokaryotae | Firmicutes | Actinobacteria | Actinomycetales | Mycobacteriaceae | Mycobacterium | M. |
| Bacterium | (bacteria) | | | | | | tuberculosis |
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| | Protoctista | | | | | | |
| Pond Alga | (algae, | Chlorophyta | Euconjugatae | Zygnematalis | Zygnemataceae | Spirogyra | S. crassa |
| | molds, | | | | | | |
| | protozoans) | | | | | | |
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| * In botanical nomenclature, ""division"" is used instead of ""phylum."" |
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