Tra từ period - Từ điển LongMan Dictionary

I. noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a brief period/time
▪ He lived there all his life, apart from a brief period during the war.
a painful time/period
▪ The US is in for a painful period of adjustment.
a period of absence
▪ You must submit a doctor's statement to cover the period of absence beyond the seventh day.
a period of illness
▪ He returned to work after a period of illness.
a period of observation
▪ The hospital released him after a period of observation.
a period of time
▪ Over a period of time the students develop their own ideas.
a period of unrest
▪ The election results were followed by a long period of unrest.
a period of/in history
▪ a glorious period in English history
a rest day/period
▪ The crew had a three hour rest period before their next flight.
a transition period/a period of transition
▪ The major industrial nations are in a period of transition.
a transition period/a period of transition
▪ The major industrial nations are in a period of transition.
a...short period of time
▪ Germany achieved spectacular economic success in a relatively short period of time.
cooling-off period
▪ Customers signing new life policies will have a cooling-off period of 14 days in which to cancel.
extended period of time
▪ If you are going abroad for an extended period of time, you should consider renting your house out.
formative years/period/stages etc (=the period when someone’s character develops)
▪ He exposed his children to music throughout their formative years.
free period
gestation period
▪ The gestation period of a horse is about 11 months.
induction course/programme/period etc
▪ a two-day induction course
initial stage/phase/period
▪ the initial stages of the disease
long period of time
▪ a long period of time
menstrual period
off-peak periods
▪ Telephone charges are lower during off-peak periods.
period costume (=the clothes of a period of history)
▪ performers dressed in period costume
period of adjustment
▪ a period of adjustment
period of inactivity
▪ The time spent between jobs should not be a period of inactivity.
period pain
period piece
▪ a house furnished with period pieces
post-war period/years/era
▪ food rationing in the immediate post-war years
short period
▪ I learned a lot during my short period as a junior reporter.
sunny periods/spells/intervals (=periods when it is sunny)
▪ sunny periods/spells/intervals
the Christmas season/period (=the days around and including Christmas Day)
▪ Most stores need extra staff during the Christmas season.
the consultation process/period
▪ an eight-week consultation process
the modern age/era/period (=now, rather than in the past)
▪ In the modern age, television is the main means of mass communication.
transitional period/stage etc
▪ a transitional period during the switch to the Euro
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
ADJECTIVE
brief
▪ During the brief period of open water in summer temperatures rise 2-3°C in the upper 10 m layer.
▪ A Louisiana statute authorizing a brief period of silent meditation was also challenged by students.
▪ The seizure usually lasts about 1 minute and is typically followed by a brief period of confusion.
▪ Since being stuck in Cork he'd had only two brief periods of leave with her.
▪ Runners set intervals during which they run hard and fast for a brief period, and then recover.
▪ These mains spikes sometime consist of surges of thousands of volts, albeit for very brief periods.
▪ During the brief period I spoke of, we had a second lieutenant take over the platoon.
early
▪ There are manifest continuities between the rites of violence in contemporary Britain and earlier periods.
▪ Many of the gains were posted late, following an earlier period of intense volatility.
▪ The Renaissance then can be seen as an addition to the early modern period.
▪ Many couples have reported that they relied heavily on one another during the early period.
▪ Certainly for earlier periods the rarity and high monetary value of items will place them beyond the reach of schools.
▪ The Renaissance is frequently presented as what is truest, best, and most pleasing about the early modern period.
▪ From the early period of tin mining to the 1940s women were often concentrators of minerals.
▪ We are already beyond documentary description of such features in the early Saxon period.
initial
▪ During the initial period, from summer 1994 to summer 1995, Madrid.
▪ It also established a Special Review Court with powers to review detention orders and to extend the initial 14-day detention period.
▪ The initial period lasts for 20 working days.
▪ If the tank is well-established, however, they will normally find enough microorganisms to keep them going during this initial period.
▪ An initial period of identification is important to a repressed group that has never had adequate self-images.
▪ Would he ever get over this initial shock period?
▪ All these services require substantial management and specialist support beyond the initial setting-up period, which has often proved difficult to provide.
late
▪ At the end of the lane, round a chicken-leg turn lay a large haveli of the late Mughal period.
▪ In a cemetery from the Late Cucuteni period in Moldavia excavators found two burials of girls about 9-10 years old.
▪ It also seems likely that he-and the design team-were tempted by the clothes of the later period.
▪ Revenue in the latest nine-month period climbed to $ 53. 3 million from $ 43. 5 million.
▪ These reflect a relatively late period of modest success for the town.
▪ By the late 1930s-the period that Marshak was thinking about-the minimum average was fluctuating between 80 and 83.
▪ The other two churches are less interesting due to alterations and restorations in later periods.
▪ For the latest period, the company cited higher noninterest income and a continuing cost-cutting effort.
long
▪ Just one letter from Tyndale survives from his long period in prison.
▪ However, many of the general conclusions from these studies are applicable to systems with longer periods.
▪ Doctors claim their major concern over boxing is the brain damage suffered over long periods.
▪ We were really in combat, and we were shot at nearly daily for what seemed a long period of time.
▪ Drug doses also tend to be higher and given for longer periods.
▪ P would like to see the debt spread over a longer period.
▪ A hysterectomy is a major operation with a long recovery period.
▪ Wear comfortable shoes; you may be doing some walking or standing for long periods of time.
short
▪ The Government warned that it would apply only for a short period.
▪ The excess fuel cools the engine - acceptable for short periods in the climb but inefficient and expensive for extended cruise.
▪ Some were from a local technical college and were taken for short periods.
▪ The idea would be to compile over a short period a national register of wealth holdings.
▪ In addition to this decrease in size child bearing is now concentrated into a much shorter period of a woman's life.
▪ At least for the short period of time he expected the combat to last.
▪ Affected fish are dipped in such a solution for a short period and then can be safely returned to the pool.
▪ A staggering challenge in such a short period.
transitional
▪ New political reforms were announced in April 1990, to include the introduction of a three-party system after a one-year transitional period.
▪ These managers were from the transitional period between the Organization Man age and the baby boomer generation.
▪ In communities especially, and after some transitional period in the factories as well.
▪ This is a transitional period between wakefulness and sleep lasting only about three to five minutes.
▪ Only during the transitional period when unemployment is rising will the chain be lengthened somewhat.
▪ The outcome of this transitional period is unknown, but the forces pushing and pulling at various possibilities can be discerned.
▪ The complexity was intended to last only for a transitional period.
▪ Can the transitional period be extended for negotiation between union and employer?
NOUN
time
▪ In addition, the Boolean techniques show how the relationships differ across shorter moments within the overall time periods that are compared.
▪ Flex ManufacturingSmaller numbers of items can be produced in smaller time periods with smaller equipment.
▪ It is important to remember that a classic type of restraint of trade clause frequently mentions two quite separate time periods.
▪ Industry political action committees contributed $ 23, 500 to Dole in the same time period.
▪ Not really; the time period over which the returns are expected to arrive should not affect the investors' overall requirements.
▪ The time period that funds can be invested is critical in maximizing the returns from investments.
▪ The total return from a security in a future time period is dependent on a series of anticipated and unanticipated events.
▪ Answer guide: The time period for a budget will normally be one year.
transition
▪ The use of coercion in the transition period.
▪ After the transition period, broadcasters were to return the original spectrum to the government for auction.
▪ The postponement of the conference was cited as a reason for the extension of the transition period.
▪ Britain won an important concession-a 15-year transition period during which the regulation would not apply.
▪ Despite a ten-year transition period, both countries suffered balance of payments problems on entering the Community.
▪ There is inevitably a transition period after the implementation of any major piece of legislation.
▪ For Bukharin, the transition period encompassed two distinct phases.
trial
▪ The redundancy payments legislation allows employees a four-week trial period in which to make up their minds.
▪ Children have been taken on by the Institute and given trial periods.
▪ And they have warned they are only prepared to leave services as they are for a trial period.
▪ These markets should be deregulated initially for a three-year trial period, said the review.
▪ If you accept the offer of a new job on changed terms, a trial period comes into effect automatically.
▪ Andrew and Wendy plan to work with drug addicts in Hong Kong and they will soon embark on a two-month trial period.
▪ Agents are usually appointed for a trial period at first, with extensions to the contract after that.
▪ Forty four patients with Crohn's disease were examined for eligibility during the trial period.
year
▪ If you were disqualified and must pass the driving test again the two year period begins when you pass the test.
▪ During the 10-\\#year period, the average annual return on stock funds of all varieties was 12. 82.
▪ It should also be noted that there is a mileage restriction over the three year period of 12,000 miles a year.
▪ This project investigates the effects of takeovers and mergers which have occurred in the ten year period from 1975.
▪ Hand studied 65 theses on entomology produced within the colleges of the University of London over a five year period.
▪ All debentures are for a 10 year period.
▪ There are differing views about whether three years or a single year period would be better or worse.
▪ These were established in 1948 and awards are made biennially to one or more candidates over a one or two year period.
VERB
cover
▪ They cover the same period of history and yet talk about it in completely different ways.
▪ The responses covered a period of time from 1983 to 1992 and pertained to practices at the time of questioning.
▪ Some customers, however, will receive one bill covering a different period, either longer or shorter than normal.
▪ Obviously, it is not possible in a single chapter to cover the whole 1913-1980 period in any detail.
▪ When possible, a system of internal rotation of staff covering the 24-hour period is desirable.
▪ It covers that period - she began it when they moved to Richmond.
▪ The most comprehensive in terms of social class origins covers the period from 1820 to 1968.
▪ Our study attempts to begin to cover the period of silence of information.
extend
▪ Does it happen only after an extended period of inactivity?
▪ But many of the adults found excuses to disappear into the lobby for extended periods.
▪ The king extended the period of the trial in anticipation of objections from the Harrisons' enemies.
▪ Most hire firms will, however, extend the period of hire, unless the equipment has been promised to some one else.
▪ It looked as if I was going to be out of commission for another extended period of time.
▪ We are in a honeymoon period, and I believe it is an extended honeymoon period.
▪ The compromise gives new recipients 18 months, with the county option of extending the period to two years.
follow
▪ There followed a period of over a year when Karl moved aimlessly through a succession of jobs.
▪ The seizure usually lasts about 1 minute and is typically followed by a brief period of confusion.
▪ Outlook for tomorrow and Wednesday: Rain clearing eastern areas, followed by sunny periods and showers from the west.
▪ Many of the gains were posted late, following an earlier period of intense volatility.
▪ Nor did it follow a period of economic and demographic stagnation.
▪ There followed an alarming period in which the carefully contrived economic recovery and social peace created under the Callaghan government disintegrated.
▪ Brain does not exclude brawn; displays of explosive strength can be followed by periods of cerebral calm.
▪ There followed a period of about fifteen years when creative genius became evident, such as the works of William Shakespeare.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
fallow period
▪ Properly looked after they can produce several crops a year and remain fertile for centuries without needing a fallow period.
▪ There are sudden, dramatic leaps in small children's learning, interspersed with long fallow periods when nothing seems to happen.
interim period
▪ In the interim period the business will still be managed by the vendor.
▪ In the interim period, we moved to Kent to work at Hildenborough Hall.
▪ Occasionally, in the interim period while he was still unattached on the side, he talked of consolidating his marriage.
▪ Scand. will continue in this capacity on behalf of Dalton for an interim period.
▪ The early Church saw, in the parable, a warning to be faithful in the interim period prior to the Second Coming.
▪ We have to come to some kind of deal with the trade unions in this complex interim period.
off period/season etc
▪ In 1967, he began spending the off season working as an assistant to one of California Gov.
▪ Q: What do you do in the off season?
▪ She worked in the store's office during the off season while attending Indiana.
▪ The remaining truffles are boiled for sterilization and canned for sale as truffles and as truffle juice during the off season.
payback period
▪ Companies using this method will usually reject any project which exceeds their target payback period.
▪ In other cases a criterion may be needed, and one frequently used is the payback period.
▪ Many companies still use incredibly short payback periods, often set by financial directors playing a very risk-averse game.
▪ Research allocations are typically modest and payback periods required tend to be short.
▪ Second,, it ignores expected cash flows beyond the payback period.
▪ Table 5. 4 presents estimates of the payback period of conversion options on a typical 200 megawatt plant.
the festive season/period/holiday
▪ River Island women's range has already got party dresses in for the festive season.
▪ She was furious that the work could not be done during the festive season.
▪ The Chief Executive's Management Group have agreed that the same approach should be adopted for the festive season 1991/92.
▪ The food smelled good to her, reflecting the festive holiday preparation.
▪ We will always be grateful to the doctors and nurses who worked during the festive season, as well as all year round.
▪ With every good wish for the festive season and the New Year ahead.
the intervening years/months/period etc
▪ But some underlying patterning remains, despite the intervening years and the subtle shifts in values and beliefs.
▪ I wanted to look young when I met my brother, perhaps because I had accomplished nothing in the intervening years.
▪ In the intervening years, as property taxes ate away at their nest egg, their proposals for other developments fell flat.
▪ Over the intervening years the inter-action and travelling of these eight aircraft is intricate.
▪ Recounting the matter in present time-without being returned-the patient is using all the intervening years as buffers against the painful emotion.
▪ Some time, then, during the intervening years, he had been granted a barony.
▪ The answer depends, to some degree, on the effectiveness of those who have been active in the intervening years.
▪ To occupy the intervening months she took a job in a hospital.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ "Siesta" is the best example of work from Storni's early period.
▪ A five-day waiting period is required to purchase a handgun.
▪ After a brief period of independence, Belorussia came under Soviet rule.
▪ Anne had difficulty holding down a job for any period of time.
▪ At our school we have four periods in the morning and three in the afternoon.
▪ black immigration into Britain during the post-war period
▪ During this period, Tanya was making very little money.
▪ Many of Britain's roads were built originally in the Roman period.
▪ Mike's taking Spanish second period.
▪ On Monday mornings there was French, English, and then a double period of maths.
▪ the Byzantine period, between the fourth and seventh centuries A.D.
▪ The company expects a growth in profitability over a longer period.
▪ The loan has to be repaid over a 15-month period.
▪ The money can be paid back over a five-year period.
▪ The researchers observed mothers and their new infants for a three-day period.
▪ The restoration of the ceiling was completed over a period of two years.
▪ The work had to be completed within a limited period of time.
▪ Then, within a short period, his mother, father, and brother all died.
▪ These accounts are drawn up for a period of 52 weeks.
▪ This chapter will focus primarily on the Neolithic period in Europe.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Aerobic exercise is characterized by the body using large muscle groups in rhythmical continuous activity for relatively long periods of time.
▪ Each team started slowly offensively before catching fire in the final seven minutes of the opening period.
▪ He did not receive offers from any other club during the free-agency period.
▪ He later served as their music instructor for a brief period during the brothers' high school years.
▪ If we are indeed in such a digestive, living-with-it, period it would explain something which is otherwise puzzling.
▪ Within this period, the most significant day is Christmas Eve.
II. adjective
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
payback period
▪ Companies using this method will usually reject any project which exceeds their target payback period.
▪ In other cases a criterion may be needed, and one frequently used is the payback period.
▪ Many companies still use incredibly short payback periods, often set by financial directors playing a very risk-averse game.
▪ Research allocations are typically modest and payback periods required tend to be short.
▪ Second,, it ignores expected cash flows beyond the payback period.
▪ Table 5. 4 presents estimates of the payback period of conversion options on a typical 200 megawatt plant.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Decor includes period furniture and contemporary art.
▪ There was period furniture which looked as if it had always been in place and big log fires.
▪ They haven't attempted to create period rooms, and they don't have the big architectural framework of our museum.

period

I. pe‧ri‧od¹ S1 W1 AC /ˈpɪəriəd $ ˈpɪr-/ noun [COUNTABLE]
[date : 1300-1400; Language : French; Origin : période, from Latin, from Greek, from peri- (PERICARDIUM) + hodos 'way']
1. LENGTH OF TIME a particular length of time with a beginning and an end:
　 ▪ Tomorrow’s weather will be dry with sunny periods.
period of
　 ▪ His playing improved in a very short period of time.
　 ▪ a brief period of silence
　 ▪ The drug was tested over a five-week period.
　 ▪ They adopted the system for a trial period (=time in which something is tested to see if it works well).

2. LIFE/HISTORY a particular time in someone’s life or in history ⇨ era:
　 ▪ the conflict of the Cold War period
　 ▪ Van Gogh’s early period
　 ▪ the Jurassic period
　 ▪ the behaviour of children during the period of adolescence

3. BLOOD the flow of blood that comes from a woman’s body each month ⇨ menstrual period:
　 ▪ I was 12 years old when I started my periods.

4. MARK American English the mark (.) used in writing to show the end of a sentence or of an abbreviation SYN full stop British English

5. SCHOOL one of the equal parts that the school day is divided into SYN lesson British English:
　 ▪ What class do you have first period?
period of
　 ▪ a double period of Science

6. SPORTS one of the equal parts that a game is divided into in a sport such as ice hockey:
　 ▪ The Bruins scored twice in the first period.

7. FOR EMPHASIS period! American English spoken used to emphasize that you have made a decision and that you do not want to discuss the subject any more SYN full stop!:
　 ▪ I’m not going, period!
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + period
▪a long/lengthy period
　 ▪ They had to spend long periods apart.
▪a short/brief period
　 ▪ He lived for a short period in Manchester.
▪a limited period (=a fairly short length of time)
　 ▪ From May, the site will be open to the public for a limited period.
▪a fixed/set period (=that will not be changed)
　 ▪ A tourist visa allows you to stay for a fixed period.
▪an indefinite period (=with no fixed end)
　 ▪ The painting had been loaned to the gallery for an indefinite period.
▪a six month/five year etc period
　 ▪ They studied the behaviour of the ocean during a five year period.
▪a trial period (=a time in which you try something to see if it is good)
　 ▪ We could introduce the system for a trial period.
phrases
▪a period of time
　 ▪ Over a period of time, this pressure can damage the fibres of the carpet.
• • •
THESAURUS
a period in history
▪period a particular time in history, especially one studied as a subject :
　 ▪ the late Victorian period
　 ▪ the interwar period
　 ▪ During that period many people moved from the countryside to the towns.
▪time a period of years, months, days etc :
　 ▪ The 1960s were a time of great social change.
　 ▪ the biggest earthquake in modern times
　 ▪ Verdun was an important city in Roman times.
▪age a long period, especially one that represents a particular stage in the development of civilization or technology :
　 ▪ the industrial age
　 ▪ We are now in the age of the Internet.
　 ▪ the Stone Age (=when people used tools made of stone)
▪era a long period that has a particular character or that is marked by particular events :
　 ▪ We live in an era of breathtaking change.
　 ▪ the post-war era
　 ▪ De Gaulle’s death marked the end of an era.
▪epoch /ˈiːpɒk $ ˈepək/ formal means the same as era, but sounds more formal and important :
　 ▪ We are now entering a new epoch in human history.
　 ▪ the colonial epoch
　 ▪ It was the end of an epoch.

II. period² adjective
period costume/furniture etc clothes, furniture etc in the style of a particular time in history:
　 ▪ actors dressed in period costume