Tra từ down - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

down adverb, preposition, verb, adjective, noun BrE [daʊn] NAmE [daʊn]
adverb For the special uses of down in phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example climb down is in the phrasal verb section at climb.
1. to or at a lower place or position
• She jumped down off the chair.
• He looked down at her.
•We watched as the sun went down.
•She bent down to pick up her glove.
•Mary's not down yet (= she is still upstairs).
•The baby can't keep any food down (= in her body).
2. from a standing or vertical position to a sitting or horizontal one
• Please sit down.
• He had to go and lie down for a while.
3. at a lower level or rate
• Prices have gone down recently.
• We're already two goals down (= the other team has two goals more).
4. used to show that the amount or strength of sth is lower, or that there is less activity
• Turn the music down!
• The class settled down and she began the lesson.
5. (in a ↑crossword)reading from top to bottom, not from side to side
•I can't do 3 down.
6. to or in the south of a country
• They flew down to Texas.
• Houses are more expensive down south.
7. on paper; on a list
• Did you get that down?
• I always write everything down.
•Have you got me down for the trip?
8. used to show the limits in a range or an order
•Everyone will be there, from the Principal down.
9. having lost the amount of money mentioned
•At the end of the day we were £20 down.
10. if you pay an amount of money down, you pay that to start with, and the rest later
11. (informal)used to say how far you have got in a list of things you have to do
•Well, I've seen six apartments so far. That's six down and four to go!
12. (informal)to or at a local place such as a shop/store, pub, etc
•I'm just going down to the post office.
•I saw him down at the shops. In informal British English, to and at are often left out after down in this sense
•He's gone down the shops.
more at you can't keep a good man down at ↑man _n.

Word Origin:
adv. and adj. v. and prep. Old English dūn dūne adūne ‘downward’ of dūne ‘off the hill’ n. Middle English Old Norse dúnn

Language Bank:
fall
Describing a decrease
▪ Car crime in Oxford fell significantly ▪ last year.
▪ Car crime fell ▪ by about a quarter over a 12-month period.
▪ The number of stolen vehicles dropped ▪ from 1 013 to 780, a fall of ▪ 26 per cent.
▪ According to this data, 780 vehicles were stolen, 26% down ▪ on the previous year.
▪ There was an 11% drop ▪ in reported thefts from motor vehicles, from 1 871 to 1 737.
▪ These figures show that, as far as car crime is concerned, the main trend is downwards ▪.
Language Banks at ↑expect, ↑illustrate, ↑increase, ↑proportion
Idioms: ↑down through something ▪ ↑down to somebody ▪ ↑down to something ▪ down to the last/smallest/final something ▪ ↑down tools ▪ ↑down under ▪ ↑down with somebody ▪ ↑down with something ▪ ↑have a down on somebody

preposition
1. from a high or higher point on sth to a lower one
• The stone rolled down the hill.
• Tears ran down her face.
•Her hair hung down her back to her waist.
2. along; towards the direction in which you are facing
• He lives just down the street.
• Go down the road till you reach the traffic lights.
•There's a bridge a mile down the river from here.
3. all through a period of time
•an exhibition of costumes down the ages (= from all periods of history)

Word Origin:
adv. and adj. v. and prep. Old English dūn dūne adūne ‘downward’ of dūne ‘off the hill’ n. Middle English Old Norse dúnn

verb (informal)
1. ~ sth to finish a drink or eat sth quickly
•We downed our coffees and left.
2. ~ sb/sth to force sb/sth down to the ground
•to down a plane
•Storms downed trees and power lines.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
adv. and adj. v. and prep. Old English dūn dūne adūne ‘downward’ of dūne ‘off the hill’ n. Middle English Old Norse dúnn

adjective not before noun
1. (informal)sad or depressed
•I feel a bit down today.
2. (of a computer or computer system)not working
•The system was down all morning.
see also ↑downtime
see hit sb when they're down at ↑hit _v., kick sb when they're down at ↑kick _v., be down on your luck at ↑luck _n., down in the mouth at ↑mouth _n.

Word Origin:
adv. and adj. v. and prep. Old English dūn dūne adūne ‘downward’ of dūne ‘off the hill’ n. Middle English Old Norse dúnn

Example Bank:
•I've been feeling rather down lately.
•She was feeling really down.
•You look a bit down. Is something the matter?
•Don't let the weather get you down.

noun
see also ↑downs
1. uncountable the very fine soft feathers of a bird
•duck down
2. uncountable fine soft hair
see also ↑downy
3. countable (in ↑American football)one of a series of four chances to carry the ball forward ten yards that a team is allowed. These series continue until the team loses the ball or fails to go forward ten yards in four downs.
more at ups and downs at ↑up _n.

Word Origin:
[down] adv. and adj. v. and prep. Old English dūn dūne adūne ‘downward’ of dūne ‘off the hill’ n. Middle English Old Norse dúnn